Correct option is B
Explanation:
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a sequence of innate behaviors that is triggered by a specific stimulus, and it is not learned. FAPs are genetically programmed and occur in a predictable and stereotypical manner once triggered by the appropriate stimulus. The other options—imprinting, operant conditioning, and habituation—are all types of learning.
Imprinting is a form of learning that occurs at a particular stage in an animal's development, often forming attachments to a specific object or individual.
Operant conditioning is a form of learning where an animal learns to associate a behavior with a reward or punishment.
Habituation is a type of non-associative learning where an animal decreases its response to a repeated stimulus.
Information Booster:
Fixed action patterns are innate behaviors that occur without prior learning and are not influenced by environmental experiences.
Imprinting often occurs during a critical period and is irreversible, such as ducklings following their mother or the first moving object they see.
Operant conditioning is widely studied in behaviorism, where animals learn through the consequences of their actions.
Habituation is a form of learning in which an organism reduces its response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
Additional Knowledge:
Imprinting (option 1) is learned and involves a sensitive period.
Operant conditioning (option 3) involves rewards and punishments and is a form of associative learning.
Habituation (option 4) involves a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure, and is a form of non-associative learning.
