Which of the following statements given be Juan Linz and Alfred Stepn are true?
A. Both civil society and political society are complementary to each other.
B. The complementarity is always recognized.
C. Rule of law is condition for consolidation of democracy.
D. Modern consolidated democracies have pure market economies only.
E. Modern democracies must have effective capacity to command, regulate and extract.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the questions given below:

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) A, C, and E only.
Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, in their works on democratization and the consolidation of democracy, provide a nuanced analysis of the conditions necessary for a democracy to be considered consolidated. Based on their analysis:
• Statement A: Both civil society and political society are complementary to each other. This is true. Linz and Stepan argue that a vibrant civil society is crucial for a healthy democracy because it fosters political participation and accountability, which complements the functions of the political society.
• Statement B: The complementarity is always recognized. This is not necessarily true. While Linz and Stepan highlight the importance of complementarity between civil and political society, they also acknowledge that this complementarity is not always recognized or operational in all contexts, particularly in transitioning or weak democracies.
• Statement C: Rule of law is a condition for the consolidation of democracy. This is true. The rule of law ensures legal equality, protects civil liberties, and is a cornerstone for democratic governance, according to Linz and Stepan. They argue that without the rule of law, a democratic political system cannot be properly consolidated.
• Statement D: Modern consolidated democracies have pure market economies only. This is not true. Linz and Stepan do not argue that a pure market economy is a prerequisite for democratic consolidation. Instead, their focus is on the political and institutional conditions necessary for democracy. Many consolidated democracies have mixed economies that combine elements of market economies with social welfare policies and regulatory frameworks.
• Statement E: Modern democracies must have effective capacity to command, regulate, and extract. This is true. For a democracy to function effectively, the state must have the capacity to enforce laws, regulate activities within its jurisdiction, and extract resources (such as taxes) to provide public goods and services. Linz and Stepan highlight the importance of state capacity in ensuring a functioning and consolidated democracy.