Correct option is D
Weber’s Industrial Location Theory (1909) is based on minimizing transportation costs by analyzing the Material Index (MI):
If MI > 1 → The industry is material-oriented (i.e., located near raw materials).
If MI < 1 → The industry is market-oriented (i.e., located near consumers).
Statement (E) incorrectly states that if MI > 1, the industry is oriented towards the consumption centre.
This is false because a higher MI means industries move towards raw materials, not the market.
Information Booster:
- Alfred Weber’s theory explains industrial location based on transport cost minimization.
- Industries that use heavy raw materials but produce lighter products locate near resources.
- Industries with high product weight but lower raw material weight locate near markets.
- Weber’s model is widely applied in manufacturing and economic geography.
- Modern industries consider factors beyond transport, such as technology and labor costs.
- The theory is still relevant for bulk-reducing industries like cement, steel, and sugar.
Additional Knowledge:
(A) Material Index Calculation (Correct Statement)
Raw materials vs. product weight determines industrial location.
Material Index helps industries optimize transportation costs.
(B) Material Index Concept (Correct Statement)
Weber introduced the Material Index to classify industries as market-oriented or material-oriented.
(C) MI < 1 → Market-Oriented (Correct Statement)
If raw materials are lighter than the product, industries locate near consumers.
(D) MI > 1 → Material-Oriented (Correct Statement)
If raw materials are heavier than the product, industries locate near raw material sources.