Which of the following novels of Thomas Hardy was first published in an abridged form as Hearts Insurgent?

Correct option is B

Explanation:

The correct answer is Jude the Obscure. Thomas Hardy’s novel Jude the Obscure was first published in an abridged form as Hearts Insurgent in 1895.

The original full version was published later in the same year. Jude the Obscure is Hardy's last novel, and it is often regarded as his most controversial work.

It addresses themes of social criticism, marriage, and human desires, challenging the Victorian norms of the time.

This novel's characters, especially Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead, grapple with issues of love, academic ambition, and the institution of marriage, ultimately leading to tragedy. Its critical and controversial reception led Hardy to abandon writing novels for good afterward.
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Information Booster:

Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) was an English novelist, poet, and short story writer. Known for his realist approach, Hardy often focused on social issues, particularly class struggles, love, and the impact of fate on human lives.

Jude the Obscure follows the life of Jude Fawley, a working-class man with aspirations of becoming a scholar.

He struggles to break out of the confines of his social class and marry Sue Bridehead, but societal pressures and moral norms prevent their happiness.

The novel explores the failures of the characters to achieve their desires, leading to a tragic and dark ending. Hardy's criticism of the Victorian marriage system and religion is particularly evident in this work.

Hardy's Jude the Obscure was groundbreaking in its critique of Victorian society, especially its strict views on marriage and sexuality.

It was scandalous at the time, with its frank depiction of controversial issues like premarital sex, divorce, and nonconformity. Because of its bold content, it led to Hardy’s decision to stop writing novels and shift exclusively to poetry.

Additional Information:

The Mayor of Casterbridge:
This novel, set in the fictional town of Casterbridge, tells the story of Michael Henchard’s rise and fall, largely due to his impulsive and regretful decisions.

Far From the Madding Crowd:
This novel was also an important work by Hardy. It focuses on the life of Bathsheba Everdene and her complicated love life with three suitors.

The Return of the Native:
A tragedy set on Egdon Heath, The Return of the Native deals with love, destiny, and fate.