Which of the following items is a part of the Union List?

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) Lighthouses
Explanation:
· The Indian Constitution's Seventh Schedule distributes legislative powers between the Union and State governments across three lists: the Union List (List I), the State List (List II), and the Concurrent List (List III).
· Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons, and other provisions for the safety of shipping and aircraft, are explicitly listed as Item 26 in the Union List (List I).
· This means only the Parliament (Central Government) has the exclusive authority to make laws regarding lighthouses. 
Information Booster:
· The Union List contains subjects of national importance, such as defence, foreign affairs, banking, currency, and major ports, ensuring uniform laws across the country.
· The administration of lighthouses is currently governed by the Marine Aids to Navigation Act, 2021.
· In case of a conflict between a central law and a state law on a subject in the Concurrent List, the central law prevails. 
Additional Knowledge: (a) Social security and social insurance
· This subject is included in the Concurrent List (List III). 
(b) Population control and family planning
· This is also a subject in the Concurrent List, allowing both central and state governments to legislate on it. 
(d) Economic and social planning
· Economic and social planning is another key subject placed in the Concurrent List to facilitate collaborative planning between levels of government.