Which of the following is not correct regarding Political parties and party system in India ?

Correct option is B

The claim that "political parties are capitalist in nature after 1967" is Incorrect because India followed a socialist-oriented economic model even after 1967.

Socialist Policies Remained Dominant After 1967:
​The Indian economy and political system remained state-controlled and socialist-oriented after 1967.
The Indira Gandhi government (1966-1977) implemented nationalization of banks (1969), abolition of the Privy Purse (1971), and the Garibi Hatao (Remove Poverty) campaign, all of which emphasized socialism.
The dominant political ideology in India remained mixed-economy socialism, rather than capitalism.

Shift Towards Capitalism Happened Post-1991:
India formally embraced capitalist economic policies only after 1991, under P.V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh, through economic liberalization.
Before that, the License Raj, state ownership, and central planning remained dominant.
Therefore, it is incorrect to say that Indian political parties became capitalist after 1967—the real shift occurred much later.
Thus, the correct answer is (b) Political parties are capitalist in nature after 1967, because this statement is not true.

Information booster:-
Option (a) - "Party system in India emerged and developed at the state level since independence."  (Correct)
Though Congress dominance was national, state-level parties also gained influence early on, especially in regions like Tamil Nadu (DMK), Punjab (Akali Dal), and Bengal (Communist parties).
After 1967, many regional parties became significant players in Indian politics.

Option (c) - "The party system in India before 1967 has been a system of Congress dominance."  (Correct)
Rajni Kothari described the period before 1967 as the Congress System, where Congress was dominant at both the national and state levels.

Option (d) - "The party system changed from a one-party dominant system to a multi-party system at the national level."  (Correct)
After 1967, coalition politics began emerging at the state level, and after 1989, India moved towards a true multi-party system at the national level.