Correct option is A
Major irrigation methods according to NRCS:
(1)
Surface Irrigation:
Surface irrigation refers to a broad class of irrigation methods in which water is distributed over the soil surface by gravity flow. Irrigation water is introduced into level or graded furrows or basins using siphons, gated pipes, or turnout structures, and is allowed to move across the field.
More than 75% of irrigated lands in India is supplied water by surface irrigation method.
(2) Subsurface Irrigation:
Subsurface irrigation includes methods by which irrigation water is applied below the surface of the soil.
The specific type of irrigation method varies depending on the depth of the water table. When the water level is well below the surface, drip or drip irrigation emitting devices may be buried below the soil surface (usually within the plant's root zone).
(3) Sprinkler Irrigation:
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is sprayed, or sprinkled through the air in rain-like drops.
Spray and sprinkler equipment may be permanently installed (concrete sets), temporarily set, and then moved after a given amount of water has been applied (portable sets or intermittent mechanical move), or they can be mounted on booms and pipelines.
Also sometimes known as overhead irrigation.
(4) Drip Irrigation:
Drip/trickle irrigation systems are methods of micro-irrigation wherein water is applied through emitters to the soil surface as drops or small streams.
The discharge rate of the emitters is low so this irrigation method can be used on all soil types.
