Which of the following is correct regarding Marxist approach of Social movement ?

Correct option is A

The Marxist approach to social movements is rooted in the idea of class struggle and conflict between different social groups, primarily the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class). According to Karl Marx, history is shaped by dialectical materialism, which means that social change occurs through conflict between opposing classes.

• Conflict is the central core of social movements because Marxism argues that societal structures are inherently unequal and that the oppressed classes must rise against exploitation.
• Social movements, according to this perspective, emerge as a response to class oppression and aim to establish a classless and egalitarian society through revolution or reform.
• Examples of Marxist-influenced movements include the Russian Revolution (1917), the Chinese Communist Revolution (1949), and various labor movements worldwide.

Information booster:-

The Marxist approach to social movements is rooted in the principles of historical materialism, class struggle, and dialectical materialism. It argues that social movements arise due to the contradictions and inequalities within capitalist societies, leading to conflict between the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat).

Key Concepts of the Marxist Approach to Social Movements:-

1. Class Struggle as the Basis of Social Movements
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued that history is shaped by conflicts between social classes.
The bourgeoisie (owners of production) exploit the proletariat (working class), leading to inequality and oppression.
Social movements, especially revolutionary ones, emerge as a response to this class struggle.
Example:
The Russian Revolution (1917) led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the establishment of a socialist state.

2. Dialectical Materialism & Historical Change
Marxism views society as evolving through a dialectical process—where contradictions between economic classes lead to historical change.
This process eventually results in the overthrow of capitalism and the creation of a classless, communist society.
Example:
The transition from feudalism to capitalism occurred due to conflicts between feudal lords and emerging capitalists.
Similarly, Marxists believe that capitalism will be replaced by socialism through proletarian revolutions.

3. Role of Economic Factors in Social Movements
According to Marxist theory, economic conditions primarily shape social structures, politics, and movements.
Social movements arise not due to moral or ideological concerns, but due to material deprivation, economic crises, and exploitation.
Example:
The Industrial Workers' Movement in the 19th and 20th centuries demanded better wages, working conditions, and social reforms.

4. Revolutionary Nature of Social Movements
Unlike reformist theories that support gradual change, Marxist movements are often revolutionary, advocating for overthrowing capitalist systems.
The ultimate goal is to seize control of the means of production and establish a classless society.
Example:
Chinese Communist Revolution (1949) led by Mao Zedong resulted in the establishment of a socialist state.