Which of the following genetic alterations is commonly found in melanomas and is associated with cell proliferation and survival?

Correct option is C

Ans: (c) NRAS Sol. NRAS is a gene that is commonly altered in melanomas. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and growth. When mutated, NRAS contributes to the uncontrolled growth of melanoma cells by activating pathways that stimulate cell division and survival. This makes NRAS mutations one of the key drivers of melanoma development.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) IDHI: IDHI (likely a typo of IDH1) is associated with certain cancers, but it is more commonly linked to gliomas and other cancers, not melanomas. It does not play a major role in melanoma.
· (b) PTEN: PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that is involved in regulating cell growth. While mutations in PTEN can be found in various cancers, they are not as commonly associated with melanoma as NRAS mutations.
· (c) NRAS: Correct answer. NRAS mutations are commonly found in melanomas and are associated with the activation of signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and survival, making it a critical driver of melanoma progression.
· (d) RET: RET mutations are typically associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors, not melanomas. It does not have a significant role in melanoma-related cell proliferation.