Which of the following factors contributes to the low child sex ratio in some economically developed Northern states of India?
1) Increased accessibility to prenatal sex-determination methods
2) High levels of female literacy and empowerment
3) Societal preference for male children in inheritance and family support
4) Strengthened enforcement of gender-equal policies

Correct option is C

The correct answer is: (c) 1 and 3
Explanation:
· In some economically developed northern states (like Punjab, Haryana, Delhi), the child sex ratio is low despite prosperity.
· Main reasons:
1. Increased accessibility to prenatal sex-determination methods → misuse of ultrasound and technology for sex-selective abortions.
2. Societal preference for male children → due to inheritance, carrying family lineage, and old-age support.
· On the other hand, high female literacy and empowerment (2) and strong gender-equal policies (4) would improve the sex ratio, not reduce it.
Information Booster:
· Child sex ratio (0–6 years) in India as per Census 2011: 919 girls per 1000 boys.
· Lowest states: Haryana (834), Punjab (846).
· Causes: Deep-rooted patriarchy, dowry system, and son preference.
· Laws: PCPNDT Act, 1994 bans sex determination before birth.
· Campaign: Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (2015) launched to address this issue.