Which of the following correctly matches the population growth phase in India with its key characteristic?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is: (b) Phase III (1951–1981) – Population explosion caused by falling death rate and high fertility
Explanation:
· Phase I (1901–1921): Period of stagnant growth, called the “ Period of High Mortality and High Fertility.” Population growth was low due to epidemics, famines, and poor health services.
· Phase II (1921–1951): Known as the “ Period of Steady Growth.” Death rates declined due to medical improvements, but birth rates remained high.
· Phase III (1951–1981): Known as the “ Population Explosion Phase.” Sharp decline in death rates with persistently high fertility caused very rapid population growth.
· Phase IV (Post-1981): Period of slowing growth due to decline in fertility and stabilization efforts.
Information Booster:
· 1921 is called the “ Year of Great Divide” in India’s population history.
· Growth rate (1951–1981) exceeded 2% per annum → peak population explosion.
· Family planning programme was officially launched in 1952 (first in the world).
· India’s population (2011 Census): 121.08 crore; projected to surpass China (around 2023).
· Population growth phases are studied under Demographic Transition Theory (DTT).