Which of the following best reflects the constitutional dilemma in implementing the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India, as discussed in debates surrounding Article 44 and Article 25?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) UCC aligns with Article 44 but may be seen to infringe upon religious freedom under Article 25.
• The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to unify personal laws across religions in line with Article 44 (Directive Principles of State Policy).
• However, it faces a constitutional challenge as it could potentially conflict with Article 25, which guarantees freedom of religion and personal customs.
Information Booster:
• Article 44 – Directive for the State to secure a UCC for citizens.
• Article 25 – Guarantees freedom to profess, practice, and propagate religion.
• UCC intends to ensure equality and gender justice in civil matters like marriage, divorce, and inheritance.
• Debates focus on balancing secularism and religious autonomy.
• Goa currently follows a uniform civil law model.
Additional Knowledge:
• The issue was discussed in Shah Bano Case (1985), highlighting the conflict between personal laws and gender equality.
• 21st Law Commission Report (2018) suggested reforming personal laws instead of full UCC implementation.
• UCC is listed in Entry 5 of the Concurrent List (marriage, divorce, etc.).
• Implementation requires political consensus and social acceptance.