Correct option is D
Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in management and organizational theory, introduced several advanced ideas that remain influential today. Two of her key concepts include:
· B. Constructive Conflict: Follett introduced the idea of conflict as a positive force, advocating for "constructive conflict" where conflicts are not suppressed but resolved through integration and cooperation. She believed conflicts could lead to creative solutions and better understanding if handled properly.
· D. Integration: Another key idea from Follett is the concept of integration, where instead of one party dominating in a conflict or compromising, all parties work together to find a solution that satisfies everyone’s interests.
Options A (Functional Foremanship) and C (Zone of Acceptance) are not Follett's contributions. Functional Foremanship is attributed to Frederick Taylor's scientific management, and Zone of Acceptance is related to Chester Barnard's theory of authority in organizations.
Information Booster:
1. Constructive Conflict: Follett believed conflict should be viewed as an opportunity for growth. By addressing conflicts constructively, organizations can reach more innovative and inclusive solutions.
2. Integration: Follett's method for resolving conflicts, where parties work together to integrate their desires and find a solution that benefits all, avoiding the need for domination or compromise.
3. Human Relations Movement: Follett's ideas are often associated with the human relations movement, emphasizing human interactions, cooperation, and shared goals in the workplace.
4. Power-with vs. Power-over: Follett introduced the concept of "power-with" (cooperative power) rather than "power-over" (dominating power), emphasizing collaboration rather than control.
5. Participatory Management: Follett advocated for employee participation in decision-making, believing it leads to better organizational outcomes.
6. Leadership: She emphasized the importance of situational leadership, where leaders guide the group but also adapt based on the circumstances and needs of their team.
Additional Information:
· A (Functional Foremanship): Incorrect, as it is a concept from Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory, which focused on efficiency in supervision.
· B (Constructive Conflict): Correct, Follett emphasized that conflict can be constructive and lead to better outcomes if managed cooperatively.
· C (Zone of Acceptance): Incorrect, this concept is part of Chester Barnard's theory, dealing with the extent to which subordinates are willing to accept authority.
· D (Integration): Correct, as Follett advocated for resolving conflicts through integration, where all parties find mutually beneficial solutions.
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