Correct option is A
Physical parameters of water quality refer to those characteristics of water that can be measured without altering its chemical composition. These include observable or measurable physical traits such as:
Temperature (C) – Affects the solubility of gases and the rate of chemical reactions.
Turbidity (D) – Measures how clear the water is, often influenced by suspended particles.
TSS (E) – Refers to Total Suspended Solids, which affect water clarity and can be filtered out physically.
Whereas:
Hardness (A) – Is a chemical parameter, determined by the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions.
pH (B) – Is also a chemical parameter, indicating the acidity or alkalinity of water.
Thus, only C, D, and E are physical parameters.
Information Booster:
Physical Parameters of Water Quality Include:
Temperature: Influences biological activity and chemical solubility.
Turbidity: Expressed in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units); important for aquatic life.
Color, Odor, and Taste: Though subjective, still considered in physical analysis.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS): Indicates the amount of particulate matter in water.
Chemical Parameters:
pH, Hardness, Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), etc.
Biological Parameters:
Include microbial content such as E. coli, coliform bacteria, etc.
Additional Knowledge:
TSS affects aquatic ecosystems by reducing light penetration and can smother habitats.
Turbidity is directly related to TSS but may also be caused by microbial activity or dissolved substances.
Temperature is a critical factor in metabolic rates of aquatic organisms and oxygen solubility.
Hardness causes scaling in pipes and affects soap efficiency, but it's a chemical trait.
pH values outside the 6.5–8.5 range can harm aquatic life and corrode pipelines.
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