​Which of the following are direct democratic devices ?​

Correct option is D

Direct democratic devices are mechanisms that allow citizens to directly participate in decision-making, bypassing representative institutions. The options listed are all examples of such mechanisms:

Plebiscite:
A plebiscite is a direct vote by the people on an important issue or proposal, often related to constitutional amendments, national sovereignty, or major public policy decisions. It is a form of direct democracy where citizens are asked to approve or reject specific measures, rather than electing representatives to make the decisions on their behalf.

Initiative:
The initiative process allows citizens to propose new laws or amendments to the constitution. If a sufficient number of voters support the proposed initiative through a petition, it is put to a public vote. This gives citizens the power to directly influence legislation, which is a core principle of direct democracy.

Recall:
The recall process allows voters to remove elected officials from office before their term ends. If enough citizens petition for a recall, the official must stand for a vote, and if the majority of voters agree, the official is removed from office. This is another form of direct democracy that holds elected officials accountable to the people.

Since all three options—plebiscite, initiative, and recall—are direct democratic devices, the correct answer is (d) More than one of the above.​