Correct option is C
- Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are large, steep-sided volcanoes that are typically composed of multiple layers (strata) of solidified lava flows, pyroclastic deposits (ash, pumice, etc.), mudflows, and lava domes. These types of volcanoes are formed by a combination of explosive eruptions and effusive lava flows.
- Stratovolcanoes are often found at convergent plate boundaries where an oceanic plate is subducted beneath a continental plate. The eruptions can be highly explosive due to the viscosity of the magma, which traps gases and leads to pressure buildup.
Additional Information:
Key Characteristics of Stratovolcanoes (Composite Volcanoes):
- They have steep profiles and are characterized by alternating layers of solidified lava flows and volcanic ash.
- The eruptions are typically violent and explosive due to the high viscosity of the magma.
- Examples of stratovolcanoes include Mount Fuji (Japan), Mount St. Helens (USA), and Mount Vesuvius (Italy).
Other Options:
- Shield volcanoes: These are large, broad, and gently sloping volcanoes formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava that can flow easily. They are not stratovolcanoes. Examples include Mauna Loa in Hawaii.
- Mid-ocean ridge volcanoes: These are typically underwater volcanoes that form along mid-ocean ridges where tectonic plates are pulling apart. These volcanoes are generally less explosive and do not fit the description of stratovolcanoes.
- Cinder cone volcanoes: These are small, steep-sided volcanoes built up by the accumulation of volcanic debris (cinders, ash, and tephra) from moderately explosive eruptions. They are smaller than stratovolcanoes and not composed of multiple layers like stratovolcanoes.
