Which of the following Amendment Acts provided one-third reservation for women in municipalities?

Correct option is D

The correct option is: (d) 74th Amendment Act

• The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 focused on strengthening urban local bodies (municipalities).

• It mandated the reservation of one-third (33%) of the total number of seats for women, including those belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

• This reservation applies to both direct elections to municipal bodies and the office of Chairpersons.

• Came into force: 1st June 1993.

• Inserted Part IXA in the Constitution (Articles 243P to 243ZG).

• Applies to: Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations.

• Objective: Democratization and decentralization of power in urban areas.

• Significance: Promotes gender inclusivity and representation in urban governance.

• 73rd Amendment Act: Provided similar one-third reservation for women, but in rural Panchayati Raj institutions, not municipalities.

• 103rd Amendment Act: Introduced 10% reservation for EWS in education and public employment.

• 106th Amendment Act: Proposed for women’s reservation in Legislative Assemblies and Parliament, not yet in effect for local bodies.