Which of is a non-biodegradable waste?

Correct option is C

The correct answer is: (c) Plastic

Plastic is a non-biodegradable waste because it does not break down naturally by the action of microorganisms. It persists in the environment for hundreds of years, contributing significantly to pollution.

Key Features of Non-Biodegradable Waste:

Non-biodegradable wastes are materials that cannot be broken down, decomposed, or recycled naturally by microorganisms.

Examples:

• Plastic, metals, synthetic fibers, glass, and electronic waste.

Environmental Impact:

• Non-biodegradable materials like plastic accumulate in landfills, oceans, and ecosystems, causing long-term damage. 

• They can release toxic substances into the environment and harm wildlife.

Significance of Managing Non-Biodegradable Waste:

• Recycling and Reuse: Proper recycling and reuse of plastic can help reduce its environmental impact.

• Awareness: Promoting alternatives to plastic, such as biodegradable materials, can minimize pollution.

• Policy Measures: Governments worldwide are implementing bans on single-use plastics to mitigate their harmful effects.

Additional Information:

Biodegradable Waste:
Biodegradable waste refers to any organic material that can be broken down into simpler, environmentally safe substances (such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass) by the action of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and other decomposers.

Examples of Biodegradable Waste:

• Food Waste: Leftovers, fruit and vegetable peels, eggshells, tea leaves, and coffee grounds.

• Paper Products: Newspapers, cardboard, and tissue paper.

• Natural Fibers: Cotton, wool, jute, and silk.

• Wood and Plant Materials: Sawdust, fallen leaves, tree branches, and garden clippings.

• Animal Waste: Manure and other organic by-products from livestock or pets.

Characteristics of Biodegradable Waste:

• Natural Origin: Typically derived from plants, animals, or other natural materials.

• Decomposes Naturally: Broken down by biological processes without causing long-term environmental harm.

• Recycling Potential: Can be composted to create nutrient-rich organic matter (humus) for agriculture and gardening.

Processes of Decomposition:

• Aerobic Decomposition:

• Requires oxygen.

• Produces carbon dioxide, water, and compost.

• Faster process (e.g., backyard composting).

• Anaerobic Decomposition:

• Occurs in the absence of oxygen.

• Produces biogas (methane) and compost.

• Happens in landfills or biogas plants.

Benefits of Biodegradable Waste:

• Eco-Friendly Disposal: Reduces landfill waste and prevents soil and water pollution.

• Composting: Converts waste into valuable compost, enriching soil fertility and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

• Energy Generation: Anaerobic decomposition can produce biogas, a renewable source of energy.

• Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Proper management (e.g., composting) minimizes methane emissions from landfills.

Challenges with Biodegradable Waste:

• Odor and Pest Issues: Improper disposal can attract pests and produce unpleasant odors.

• Space and Resources: Requires dedicated composting areas or systems.

• Incomplete Segregation: Mixing with non-biodegradable waste complicates recycling and composting efforts.