Which international agreement focuses on the protection of the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances responsible for ozone depletion ?

Correct option is A

Correct Answer: (a) Montreal Protocol

Explanation:
The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty adopted in 1987 to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of substances that cause ozone depletion, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. It is regarded as one of the most successful environmental agreements due to its universal ratification and measurable impact in reducing ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

The protocol has undergone multiple amendments, including the Kigali Amendment (2016), which aims to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that contribute to global warming but do not deplete the ozone layer.

Knowledge Booster:
● The Montreal Protocol has been ratified by 198 countries, making it one of the most universally accepted treaties.
● The protocol has significantly reduced ODS, aiding in the recovery of the ozone layer.
● It operates under the framework of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985).
● The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.
● Observations show signs of ozone layer recovery, with full restoration projected by the mid-21st century.

Additional Information:
● Geneva Convention (Option b): Focuses on humanitarian laws and the protection of individuals during armed conflicts.
● Paris Agreement (Option c): Aims to address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global temperature rise.
● Kyoto Protocol (Option d): Focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions but does not specifically address ozone depletion.