The presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance that tends to pollute the environment is called ________________.

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) Environmental pollutant

Explanation:

• According to the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, an environmental pollutant is defined as any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to the environment.

• These substances can be chemical, physical, or biological agents that alter the natural characteristics of the atmosphere, water, or soil.

• The presence of these pollutants leads to the process of pollution, which degrades the quality of the ecosystem.

• Common examples include carbon monoxide, plastic waste, sewage, and industrial chemicals.

• The term includes even noise and radiation if they are present in harmful levels.

Information Booster:

• Pollutants are categorized into primary pollutants (emitted directly, like $CO_{2}$) and secondary pollutants (formed in the air, like smog).

• Biodegradable pollutants (like paper) decompose naturally, while non-biodegradable ones (like plastic) persist for centuries.

Additional Knowledge:

Air pollution (Option a)

• This is a specific type of pollution referring only to the contamination of the atmosphere.

Water pollution (Option c)

• This refers specifically to the contamination of water bodies like rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Environment pollution (Option d)

• This is the condition or state of being polluted, whereas the "substance" itself is called the "pollutant."