Which electric device is NOT based on Joule’s law of heating?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) Electric plugs and switches.
· Electric plugs and switches are not based on Joule’s law of heating. Joule's law of heating states that the heat produced in a conductor is proportional to the square of the current, the resistance of the conductor, and the time for which the current flows. Devices like electric irons, electric kettles, and fuses use this principle to generate heat.
Explanation for other options:
· Electric iron and Electric kettle : Both convert electrical energy into heat, which is directly based on Joule's law of heating.
· Fuse : Works on Joule's law of heating, where excessive current causes the fuse wire to heat up and melt, breaking the circuit.