When urban malaria scheme was launched?

Correct option is C

The Urban Malaria Scheme (UMS) was launched in 1971 to control malaria in urban areas, focusing on cities with populations exceeding 50,000. This scheme aimed to tackle malaria transmission caused by vectors like Anopheles stephensi, a species predominant in urban habitats, particularly in water storage areas and construction sites. The scheme complemented the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP), emphasizing vector control and prompt treatment.
Information Booster:
1. UMS Coverage: Initially launched in urban areas with high malaria transmission, the scheme was extended to other cities with the rise in cases.
2. Vector Control Measures: UMS employed larvivorous fish, chemical larvicides, and environmental management to control mosquito breeding.
3. Target Population: Urban areas with a dense population and poor sanitation were prioritized.
4. Surveillance: Strengthened case detection and treatment mechanisms, supported by public awareness campaigns.
5. Complementary Role: UMS was designed to work alongside rural malaria control programs under the broader NMEP umbrella.
6. Recent Enhancements: Over the years, UMS incorporated advanced strategies like biological control agents and integrated pest management (IPM).
7. Significance: Played a crucial role in addressing malaria resurgence during the 1970s.
Additional Information:
· (a) 1972: While no significant national malaria program began in 1972, the focus remained on enhancing vector control measures.
· (b) 1974: This year marked a revision in malaria eradication strategies post the resurgence of malaria in the late 1960s.
· (d) 1970: This predates the actual launch of the UMS, though preparatory measures for urban malaria control were being considered.