Correct option is D
The correct answer is (d) Poverty alleviation and achieving self-reliance
Explanation:
- The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-79) aimed at reducing poverty and achieving self-reliance in India. It was formulated during Indira Gandhi’s tenure and introduced the concept of "Garibi Hatao" (Remove Poverty) as a major goal.
- The plan focused on: Poverty Alleviation, Self-Reliance, Employment Generation, Economic Stability, Energy and Infrastructure.
- Lead Architect: Drafted under D.P. Dhar and later modified due to economic crises.
- Rolling Plan (1978-80): The plan was terminated in 1978 by the Janata Government, which introduced the Rolling Plan concept under Morarji Desai.
Information Booster:
Concept of Five-Year Plans (FYPs)
The Five-Year Plans (FYPs) were a systematic approach to economic planning in India, where the government outlined its income and expenditure priorities for five years.
Key Features:
- The government budget was divided into:
o Non-Plan Budget – Allocated annually for routine expenditures.
o Plan Budget – Allocated for long-term developmental priorities set in the FYP.
- India followed a planned economic model from 1951 to 2017, based on Five-Year Plans.
- The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating, implementing, and regulating these plans.
- In 2015, the Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog, a policy think tank.
- NITI Aayog introduced three key documents for economic planning:
1. 3-Year Action Agenda
2. 7-Year Medium-Term Strategy
3. 15-Year Vision Document
Five-Year Plans of India:
Plan | Period | Key Focus Areas | Target Growth Rate (%) | Actual Growth Rate (%) |
First | 1951-56 | Agricultural development, irrigation, dams (e.g., Bhakra Nangal), savings-based Harrod-Domar Model | 2.1 | 3.6 |
Second | 1956-61 | Rapid industrialization, public sector growth, Mahalanobis model, protectionist policies | 4.5 | 4.27 |
Third | 1961-66 | Agriculture, wheat production, panchayat elections, education, wars led to "Plan Holidays" | 5.6 | 2.4 |
Fourth | 1969-74 | Self-reliance, growth with stability, Green Revolution, bank nationalization, drought relief | 5.6 | 3.3 |
Fifth | 1974-78 | Employment, poverty alleviation (Garibi Hatao), highways, electricity reforms, Minimum Needs Programme | 4.4 | 4.8 |
Rolling Plan | 1978-80 | Introduced due to political instability, revised annually | — | — |
Sixth | 1980-85 | Economic liberalization, end of Nehruvian socialism, family planning, NABARD establishment | 5.2 | 5.7 |
Seventh | 1985-90 | Industrial productivity, modern technology, self-sustained growth, poverty reduction | 5.0 | 6.01 |
Annual Plans | 1990-92 | Introduced due to economic instability, LPG reforms under P.V. Narasimha Rao | — | — |
Eighth | 1992-97 | Industrial modernization, WTO membership, infrastructure, Panchayati Raj empowerment | 5.6 | 6.8 |
Ninth | 1997-2002 | Poverty eradication, social sector focus, balanced growth, education for all | 7.1 | 6.8 |
Tenth | 2002-07 | Inclusive growth, employment generation, poverty reduction, regional equality | 8.1 | 7.6 |
Eleventh | 2007-12 | Higher education, environmental sustainability, Right to Education Act, clean drinking water | 9.0 | 8.0 |
Twelfth | 2012-17 | Infrastructure, rural electrification, gender equality in education, sustainable growth | 9.0 (Revised to 8.0) | — |
English
80 Questions
160 Marks
60 Mins
