What are homologous chromosomes?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) Autosomes.
· Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and size and carry genes for the same traits at corresponding positions (loci).
· In diploid organisms, one chromosome of each homologous pair is inherited from the mother and the other from the father.
· These chromosomes pair up during meiosis, the process of cell division that results in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells).
· Homologous chromosomes ensure the proper segregation of genetic material to offspring.
· Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
Information Booster:
· X-chromosomes: X-chromosomes are sex chromosomes that determine female sex characteristics in organisms with XY sex-determination systems. Females typically have two X-chromosomes.
· Y-chromosomes: Y-chromosomes are sex chromosomes that determine male sex characteristics in organisms with XY sex-determination systems. Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome.
· Heterozygous chromosomes: This term does not refer to a specific type of chromosome but rather to the condition of having two different alleles at a particular gene locus.