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    'Voyeurism' for a second or subsequent conviction attracts a punishment of:
    Question

    'Voyeurism' for a second or subsequent conviction attracts a punishment of:

    A.

    Imprisonment of not less than 1 year but which may extend to 3 years and fine

    B.

    Imprisonment of not less than 2 years but which may extend to 4 years and fine

    C.

    Imprisonment of not less than 3 years but which may extend to 7 years and fine

    D.

    Imprisonment of not less than 5 years but which may extend to 9 years and fine

    Correct option is C

    Under Section 354C IPC (now corresponding to Clause 77 of BNS, 2023):

    Voyeurism refers to the act of watching, capturing, or disseminating images of a woman engaging in a private act without her consent, where she would usually expect privacy.
    First Conviction Punishment:
    Imprisonment of not less than 1 year, which may extend to 3 years, and fine.
    Second or Subsequent Conviction Punishment:
    Imprisonment of not less than 3 years, which may extend to 7 years, and fine.

    Information Booster:
    The offence of voyeurism is cognizable, bailable (for first offence) and non-bailable (for second or subsequent offence).
    This provision was introduced through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 after the 2012 Nirbhaya incident, to address emerging sexual crimes more effectively.

    Additional Information:
    The term "private act" includes acts such as disrobing, using the bathroom, or any act that if observed by another would violate her sense of privacy.

    Disseminating such images without consent also falls under the ambit of voyeurism.

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