Variance for a sample with Mean ¯X is calculated as:

Which of the following holds true to probability sampling in any research design?
A. Every item of the universe has equal chance of inclusion

B. There is always the danger of bias

C. Sample has the same composition and characteristic as that of universe

D. Sample selection is based on the researcher’s convenience

E. Individual units can be selected by lottery method

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Arrange the steps for calculating Mann Whitney U:
(A) Select the larger of rank totals

(B) Add up ranks for each group independently

(C) Rank all scores together, ignoring which group they belong to

(D) Calculate N1, N2, and NX

(E) Calculate U
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Quasi experimental designs can be:
A. Non Equivalent groups design

B. Non-Cohort design

C. Equivalent groups design

D. Cohort design

E. True experiment design