______ type of immunity is primarily conferred through vaccination.

Correct option is A

Sol. Active immunity is primarily conferred through vaccination, where a weakened or inactivated pathogen, or its components, stimulate the immune system to produce memory cells and antibodies. This leads to long-term immunity against specific diseases. Examples include vaccines for measles, polio, and hepatitis B.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Active immunity – Correct answer. Vaccination stimulates the body's own immune system to generate a long-lasting immune response, mimicking natural infection.
· (b) Acquired immunity – Incorrect. While acquired immunity includes both active and passive immunity, vaccination specifically induces active immunity, making this option less precise.
· (c) Passive immunity – Incorrect. Passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from another source, such as maternal antibodies through breast milk or monoclonal antibody treatments, but it does not involve vaccination.
· (d) Innate immunity – Incorrect. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, present from birth, and includes physical barriers (skin, mucosa) and non-specific immune responses, which do not rely on vaccination.