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    Question




    A.

    01 hops, TCP

    B.

    02 hops, UDP

    C.

    03 hops, ICMP

    D.

    4 hops, TCP

    Correct option is D


    To solve this problem, we need to interpret the relevant fields of the IPv4 packet header: Time to Live (TTL) and Protocol.
    Time to Live (TTL): The TTL field limits the lifespan of a packet. Each router that forwards the packet decrements the TTL by 1. When the TTL reaches 0, the packet is discarded.
    In the given hexadecimal string, the TTL field is the ninth byte. The value is 04 in hexadecimal. This means the TTL is set to 4, indicating the packet can travel 4 hops before being dropped.
    Protocol: The Protocol field specifies the upper-layer protocol used in the data portion of the IPv4 packet. The Protocol field is the tenth byte. The value is 06 in hexadecimal.
    According to the IPv4 protocol numbers, 06 corresponds to TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
    Therefore, the packet can travel 4 hops before being dropped and the data belong to the TCP protocol.

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