The sum of all potential changes in a closed circuit is zero. This is called ___________.

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (D) Kirchhoff's second rule

Explanation:

Kirchhoff’s Second Rule, also known as the Loop Rule or Voltage Law (KVL), states that the algebraic sum of potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop or mesh is zero. This is based on the law of conservation of energy: as a charge completes a loop in a circuit, it loses and gains energy in such a way that the total change is zero.

Information Booster:

• It applies to closed loopsin electrical circuits.

• Ensures energy conservation within the circuit.

• All voltage drops and gains are added algebraically.

• Used in analyzing complex circuitsinvolving multiple loops.

• Often written as: ΣV = 0around a closed loop.

• Commonly used in mesh analysis.

• Helps calculate unknown voltages and resistances.

Additional Information:

• Kirchhoff's first rule is theJunction Rule, which deals with current at a node.

• Kirchhoff's third rule is not officially defined in standard circuit theory.

• Kirchhoff's fourth rule is not part of the original two fundamental laws proposed by Gustav Kirchhoff.