The study of ecocline representing the changing conditions across an ecosystem boundary is known as-

Correct option is C

The correct answer is: (c), Gradient analysis
Gradient analysis is a powerful technique to analyze for, and detect change in, the dynamics, structure, and function of ecosystems.
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Black box model- A simple atmospheric dispersion model, called a box model can be used to calculate ground-level concentrations of specific air pollutants of concern emitted from the project-activity. A box model is based on the assumption that pollutants emitted to the atmosphere are uniformly mixed in a volume, or “box”.
Climax vegetation- Climax vegetation occurs in an area with stable vegetational composition that has been covered by plants for a long period of time. In a climax community, the vegetation present gives rise to other members of the same plant species after the individuals die.
Natural Analysis - The basis for understanding the natural environment of an area is to analyse the circulation of water. Water comes down as rain or snow, which is partly absorbed into the soil as groundwater, partly runs over the ground and partly evaporates back into the air.