Correct option is A
The philosophy mentioned in the question is attributed to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a German philosopher. Hegel viewed the state as the culmination of the ethical idea, where the universal principles of the family and the particular interests of civil society are synthesized. He believed that the state represents the highest form of social organization, embodying the rational will and achieving freedom through this unity.
Information Booster: Hegel's philosophy of the state is deeply rooted in his broader concept of dialectical idealism, where history is seen as the unfolding of the Absolute Spirit. He posited that the family represents the particular, civil society the individual, and the state the universal. The state, therefore, is the ultimate realization of freedom and ethical life.
Additional Knowledge:
· (b) Roscoe Pound: A leading figure in the sociological school of jurisprudence, Pound emphasized the importance of law as a social institution and its function in society, not the synthesis of family and civil society.
· (c) Austin: Known for his theory of legal positivism, where law is seen as the command of the sovereign, Austin did not emphasize the synthesis of family and civil society.
· (d) Savigny: Associated with the Historical School of Jurisprudence, Savigny emphasized that law is a product of the spirit of the people (Volksgeist), not a synthesis of family and society.
