Correct option is B
Photovoltaic Effect:
· This is the process by which a solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy.
· When photons from sunlight strike the surface of a semiconductor material (such as silicon), they transfer their energy to electrons in the material.
· This energy boost allows the electrons to escape from their normal positions in the atoms of the semiconductor, creating electron-hole pairs.
· These free electrons are then directed into an electric circuit, generating an electric current.
A typical solar cell consists of:
Semiconductor Material: Usually silicon, which can be either monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or amorphous.
P-N Junction: Formed by joining p-type and n-type semiconductors.
Anti-reflective Coating: To reduce the reflection of sunlight and allow more light to be absorbed.
Contacts: Metal contacts on the front and back of the cell to collect and conduct the electricity.
Applications of Solar cells:
· Solar panels for residential and commercial power generation.
· Powering remote and off-grid locations.
· Charging batteries in solar-powered devices.
· Providing electricity for spacecraft and satellites.
