The Narmada Bachao Andolan is associated with

Correct option is A

The correct answer is: (a) Sardar Sarovar Dam

The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement primarily associated with the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River. It opposes the displacement of people and the environmental impact caused by the construction of large dams on the Narmada River.

Key Features of Narmada Bachao Andolan:

Origin and Objectives: Initiated in the 1980s, the movement aimed to stop the construction of large dams, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Narmada Dam projects, which threatened to displace thousands of people.

Led By: The movement was led by Medha Patkar along with activists and local communities.

Main Concerns:

• Displacement of Tribals and Farmers: Thousands of people, particularly indigenous communities, faced displacement without adequate rehabilitation.

• Environmental Impact: Submergence of forests, agricultural lands, and loss of biodiversity.

• Equity in Water Distribution: Concerns over unequal benefits from the dam projects.

Impact:

• NBA raised awareness about sustainable development and human rights violations.

• It influenced policies on rehabilitation and environmental assessments for large-scale projects.

Significance of the Narmada Bachao Andolan:

• It highlighted the social and environmental costs of large dams.

• Advocated for the rights of displaced people and equitable water resource management.

• Played a crucial role in reshaping the discourse on development and sustainability in India.

Additional Information:

Tehri Dam

• Location: Uttarakhand, India

• River: Bhagirathi River

• Type: Rock and earth-fill dam

• Key Facts:

• One of the tallest dams in the world at 260.5 meters.

• Built primarily for hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, and water supply.

• Generates 1,000 MW of electricity through its hydropower plant.

• Played a critical role in addressing water and power needs in northern India.

• Challenges:

• Environmental Impact: Submergence of villages and farmlands.

• Displacement: Thousands of people were relocated, sparking protests by local communities.

Hirakud Dam

• Location: Odisha, India

• River: Mahanadi River

• Type: Composite dam (Earth-fill and Concrete)

• Key Facts:

• The longest earthen dam in the world, stretching 25.8 km, including dykes.

• Built in 1957 and serves as a multi-purpose project for irrigation, flood control, and power generation.

• Installed capacity for generating 307.5 MW of electricity.

• Significance:

• Protects the Mahanadi delta from floods.

• Supplies water for industrial and agricultural use in Odisha.

Gandhi Sagar Dam

• Location: Madhya Pradesh, India

• River: Chambal River

• Type: Masonry dam

• Key Facts:

• Completed in 1960 as part of the Chambal Valley Development.

• Primarily used for irrigation and hydropower generation, with a capacity of 115 MW.

• Forms the Gandhi Sagar Reservoir, a significant source of water for nearby regions.

• Environmental Importance:

The area around the reservoir has been declared a wildlife sanctuary to preserve the ecosystem.