The microbiological entity most commonly used as an indicator of pathogens in water, a practice that has been extended to foods, is:

Correct option is A

Coliform bacteria are widely used as indicators of microbial contamination in water and food. These are a group of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, including soil, water, and the intestinal tract of animals. The presence of coliforms suggests potential contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, especially those of fecal origin, and is used as a standard for assessing water and food safety.
Information Booster Coliform testing is essential for monitoring hygiene and sanitation. These bacteria include species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. The detection of E. coli, in particular, is a strong indicator of fecal contamination because it is almost exclusively found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals.
This practice has been extended to foods like milk, dairy products, and ready-to-eat items to ensure compliance with safety standards. For instance, high coliform counts in food products often indicate improper handling, poor hygiene, or inadequate processing conditions.
Additional Knowledge
· (b) Salmonella: While Salmonella is a significant foodborne pathogen, it is not used as a general indicator of contamination in water or food. Its presence in food indicates specific contamination and is tested separately.
· (c) Coiform: This is a misspelling of "coliform" and does not exist as a valid term.
· (d) Plasmonella: This is not a recognized microbiological entity and is an incorrect option.