The meaning of communalism is:

Correct option is B

The correct answer is option (b) Social division based on religion.
Explanation
Communalism refers to the division of society based on religious identities, which often leads to conflict, tension, and discrimination between different religious groups. In the context of India, communalism can manifest when political or social groups exploit religious differences to promote division and conflict. Communalism undermines the unity of the society by emphasizing religious distinctions over shared national or social identities.

The term communalism is often used negatively, as it is associated with religious intolerance and violence. It is different from secularism, which promotes the equal treatment of all religions by the state and emphasizes harmony and coexistence.

Information Booster
Communalism leads to the creation of societal divisions based on religion, often resulting in violence and conflict.

In India, communalism has been a significant issue, leading to incidents of religious riots and tensions.

Secularism, in contrast to communalism, emphasizes religious tolerance and ensures that the state remains neutral to all religions.

Communalism often arises when political parties or groups use religion to gain power or influence, appealing to religious sentiments for electoral gains.

Religious extremism and sectarianism are often closely linked to communalism.

Additional Knowledge
(a) Friendship: While friendship is an important social bond, it does not relate to communalism. Communalism, by definition, involves the division of society, not the unity that friendship brings.

(b) Social division based on religion: This is the correct definition of communalism. It refers to the division of society into different groups based on religion, often leading to tensions and conflicts. This social division can weaken social cohesion and national unity.

(c) Religious tolerance: Religious tolerance is the opposite of communalism. It refers to the acceptance of and respect for different religious beliefs and practices. A society that promotes religious tolerance seeks to minimize conflict and promote harmony among diverse religious groups.

(d) Morality: While morality deals with principles of right and wrong, it does not specifically define communalism. Communalism focuses on social divisions along religious lines, not moral behavior.