Correct option is B
The phrase "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" is a core principle of the Utilitarian Concept. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that advocates actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority. This concept was primarily developed by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. According to utilitarianism, the best action or policy is the one that produces the greatest overall good or happiness for the greatest number of people.
Information Booster
Utilitarian Concept:
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Origin and Development: The Utilitarian Concept was developed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century and was later refined by John Stuart Mill. Bentham introduced the idea of calculating happiness or utility based on a "felicific calculus," which assesses the moral worth of an action by its outcome. Mill expanded on Bentham's ideas by emphasizing the quality of pleasures and arguing that intellectual and moral pleasures (higher pleasures) are superior to physical pleasures (lower pleasures).
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Principle: The principle of "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" suggests that an action is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. This principle is used to evaluate the moral implications of laws, policies, and individual actions.
Additional Information
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(a) Analyst Concept: The Analyst Concept is not directly related to the idea of maximizing happiness. It usually refers to a method of legal or philosophical analysis, often associated with legal positivism or analytical jurisprudence, which focuses on the structure and language of legal concepts rather than their moral implications.
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(c) Realist Concept: The Realist Concept, particularly in legal realism, emphasizes that law is shaped by social, economic, and political factors, rather than being solely based on abstract principles or logical deductions. Legal realists argue that the law is what the courts do in practice, focusing on the real-world outcomes of legal decisions rather than theoretical principles like utility.
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(d) Positivist Concept: The Positivist Concept, particularly in legal positivism, asserts that law is a system of rules created by a sovereign authority and is separate from morality. Legal positivism emphasizes that the validity of law is determined by its sources, not by its moral content. While positivism can intersect with utilitarianism in some legal theories, it does not specifically focus on the principle of maximizing happiness.
