The costs that are incurred and CANNOT be changed in the period of time under consideration will be known as:

Correct option is B

Ans. (b) Sol. Fixed costs are expenses that remain constant regardless of the level of production or business activity within a given time period. These costs are incurred and cannot be changed in the short run. Examples include rent, salaries, insurance, and depreciation of machinery.
Explanation of Other Options:
· (a) Total costs: The sum of all costs (fixed and variable) associated with production.
· (c) Average cost: The cost per unit, calculated as total cost divided by the number of units produced.
· (d) Marginal costs: The additional cost incurred when producing one more unit of a product.