The concept of ‘Management by Objectives’ was propounded by:

Correct option is D

The concept of Management by Objectives (MBO) was propounded by Peter F. Drucker, who is regarded as the Father of Modern Management.
MBO is a management approach in which:
· Managers and employees jointly set goals,
· Performance is measured against the achieved objectives,
· Employees participate in planning and decision-making,
· Continuous review and feedback are provided.
Drucker introduced the concept in his famous 1954 book “The Practice of Management.” MBO promotes clarity, motivation, coordination, and performance through goal alignment across all levels of an organization.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) Peter F. Drucker.