Correct option is D
- The thylakoids in chloroplasts are organized into stacked discs called grana. These stacks of thylakoids are embedded in a matrix called the stroma. The thylakoids contain the pigment chlorophyll, which plays a key role in the process of photosynthesis by capturing light energy.
- Thylakoids are membrane-bound structures found within the chloroplasts of plant cells, and they are essential for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
- The stacks of thylakoids are called grana (plural of granum), and they are connected by stroma lamellae (unstacked regions of the thylakoid membrane).
- The thylakoid membranes contain various proteins, enzymes, and pigments, including chlorophyll, which absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
- The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes, while the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) occurs in the stroma.
- The grana structure enhances the surface area for the light reactions, allowing more chlorophyll to capture light and produce energy-rich molecules like ATP and NADPH.
- Interconnected sacs: This would describe a network, but thylakoids are specifically stacked rather than merely interconnected in sacs.
- Independent discs: Thylakoids are not independent; they are arranged into stacks called grana, with some connections between them.
- Interconnected tubules: Thylakoids are flat and disc-shaped.