Correct option is D
The correct answer is (d).
Introduction
Chi‑square tests are non‑parametric and used for categorical data to test goodness‑of‑fit, association (independence), and homogeneity. They cannot compare means; that requires parametric tests like t‑test or ANOVA.
Information Booster
- Goodness‑of‑fit: compares observed frequencies to expected.
- Test of association: checks if two variables are related.
- Test of homogeneity: compares distributions across groups.
- Comparison of means is for continuous data.
- Options A, B, C are valid uses of Chi‑square.
Chi‑square tests assume expected frequencies of at least 5 in each cell; otherwise, Fisher's exact test is used.