The assumption that everything happens in the Universe can be accounted for by definite laws of causation is called:

Correct option is A

Determinism is the philosophical position that every event in the universe is the result of prior causes according to natural laws. It holds that given the state of the universe at any moment, there is exactly one physically possible future. This view assumes that everything that happens can be explained by definite laws of causation, making the universe predictable in principle if we had complete knowledge of initial conditions and natural laws.

Information Booster: Key Points about Determinism

• Causal Necessity: Every event is the inevitable result of prior causes according to natural laws
• Predictability: In principle, if we knew all initial conditions and laws, we could predict all future events
• Scientific Foundation: Forms the basis of scientific methodology and the search for natural laws
• Types of Determinism: Includes hard determinism, soft determinism (compatibilism), and biological determinism
• Challenges: Quantum mechanics has challenged classical determinism with concepts of fundamental randomness
• Implications: Raises questions about free will, moral responsibility, and the nature of human agency

Additional Knowledge

2. Operationism: A methodological approach that defines concepts in terms of operations used to measure them.
3. Mechanism: The view that natural phenomena can be explained in terms of mechanical processes, but doesn't necessarily imply universal causation.
4. Natural Monism: The philosophical position that reality consists of one fundamental substance or principle.