Textbook of E.V.S is child-centered, so that the children learn by ______ and not by ______.

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) Exploring, Rote learning
Explanation:
Child-centered education, especially in Environmental Studies (EVS), emphasizes discovery and hands-on investigation. The objective is to move away from 'rote learning' (passive memorization) toward 'exploration' (active searching for knowledge), which results in deeper conceptual understanding.
Information Booster:
● Active Discovery: EVS textbooks encourage students to ask questions, perform simple experiments, and observe their surroundings.
● Anti-Rote Stance: Modern pedagogy discourages memorizing definitions; it values the student's ability to explain concepts in their own words.
● Contextualization: Exploring local environments makes the content in the textbook meaningful and relatable.
● Teacher as Guide: In a child-centered model, the teacher facilitates exploration rather than delivering a lecture.
● Critical Thinking: Exploring helps children develop skills like observation, data collection, and basic analysis from a young age.
Additional Points:
● Option (a): Logic error – Knowledge and skills are both outcomes of learning; they are not opposites in a child-centered model.
● Option (c): Reverse – Modern education prioritizes practical application over pure abstract theory, making this statement logically backwards.
● Option (d): Mismatched terms – Research is a form of exploration, but 'subject' is not a method of learning.

So the correct answer is (b)