Some causal factors occurring relatively early in life may not show their effects for many years but may contribute to a predisposition to develop a disorder. These would be considered as:

Correct option is B

Explanation:

Distal Risk Factors (Correct): These are early life factors that may not immediately lead to a disorder but increase the likelihood of developing one later in life.

• Examples: Childhood trauma, poverty, or parental neglect.

Information Booster:

·         Long-Term Effects: Distal risk factors typically have a long-term influence, increasing the likelihood of developing certain conditions over time.

·         Indirect Influence: These factors do not directly cause a health issue but create conditions that increase the risk of closer, more direct risk factors impacting the individual.

·         Examples:

o    Socioeconomic status: Lower socioeconomic status can indirectly lead to poor health due to access to resources, education, and healthcare.

o    Genetics: Inherited traits can predispose someone to certain diseases, even if they don’t cause the disease directly.

o    Cultural or environmental factors: Growing up in an environment with limited access to healthy food or physical activity can contribute to later health issues.

Additional Information:

1. Proximal Risk Factors:
• These are immediate factors that directly precipitate a disorder or illness.
• Examples: Recent stressful events or acute physical injury.
• Proximal factors act closer to the time of onset, unlike distal factors.
2. Fixed Risk Factors:
• These are unchangeable factors, such as genetics or family history.
• While they influence predisposition, they are not linked to early-life or delayed effects.
3. Concomitant Risk Factors:
• These are co-occurring factors that exist alongside a disorder but do not necessarily cause it.