Correct option is D
The correct substitution of the bracketed words is (d) as he had been tutored all week.
Explanation:
The sentence is in the past perfect passive voice, which is required when someone receives an action.
Here, "he" is the receiver of tutoring (someone else tutored him), not the one doing the tutoring.
Hence, we use the passive past perfect continuous construction:
"had been tutored" = (Passive voice + Perfect tense + Continuous duration implication).
Grammatical rule used:
To describe an action that was ongoing in the past and was being done to the subject, use the structure:
Subject + had been + past participle (V3) → Passive Past Perfect
Example:
She answered well in the interview as she had been coached by professionals.
Information Booster:
If the subject performs the action: had been tutoring (active voice)
If the subject receives the action: had been tutored (passive voice)
Here, since he was the one being tutored, passive voice is correct.
Explanation for Incorrect Options:
(a) No correction required
· Error: "because he had tutored all week" implies he tutored someone else, not himself being tutored.
· Incorrect voice (active instead of passive).
· Breaks the meaning of the sentence: He did well because he was taught, not because he taught.
(b) as he had been tutoring all week
· Error: This is past perfect continuous active voice.
· Meaning: He was tutoring someone else for the entire week.
· But the sentence wants to say that he was being tutored, not that he was tutoring.
· Structure of this option:
· Subject + had been + verb-ing → Active Voice
· Example:
· He was tired as he had been running all day. (He did the action himself)
(c) as he had tutored all week
· Error: This is past perfect active (completed action), but again implies he tutored others, not that he received tutoring.
· Lacks the sense of continuity and is also in the wrong voice.
· Structure:
· Subject + had + V3 → Active Perfect
· Example:
· She had studied for hours before the exam. (She did the studying)