Correct option is A
Assertion (A) is true: The Essential Commodities Act (ECA), 1955 was enacted by the Government of India to regulate the production, supply, and distribution of essential commodities in order to safeguard public interest.
Reason (R) is also true: The Act was specifically designed to prevent hoarding, black marketing, and profiteering, which disrupt the availability of essential goods such as food grains, drugs, and fuels. Ensuring uninterrupted supply was necessary for maintaining normal life and public welfare.
Since the reason clearly explains the purpose behind the assertion, both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option (a).