Select the most appropriate option to substitute the bracketed segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select ‘no substitution required’.
The Bank of New York has increased (interest rates four times from last January.)

Correct option is C

· Correct option: (c) interest rates four times since last January.
· Explanation: The sentence refers to an action that began in the past and continues to the present, thus the correct usage is present perfect with “since”.
· Grammatical rule used:
· Present Perfect Tense with “since” is used to describe an action that started at a specific point in the past and continues.
· Structure: has/have + past participle + since + time point.
· Hindi rule: "Since" के साथ जब कोई कार्य भूतकाल में शुरू हुआ और वर्तमान तक प्रभावी है, तो Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
· Example: They have visited us several times since January.
· Meanings of other options:
· (a) Grammatically incorrect; "for times" should be "four times".
· Hindi: व्याकरणिक त्रुटि है।
· (b) Incorrect because it misuses “from” with Present Perfect.
· Hindi: Present Perfect Tense के साथ "since" का प्रयोग होता है।
· (d) Incorrect article usage and wrong verb form.
· Hindi: "time" की जगह "times" और "the" अनावश्यक है।