Select the most appropriate option to improve the highlighted segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to improve it, select ‘no improvement required’.
Learning a poem by heart is meaningless if you do not understand it.

Correct option is B

The correct substitution of the highlighted words is (b) no improvement required.
Explanation:
• The phrase “learning a poem by heart” is a correct idiomatic expression meaning to memorize something completely.
• The gerund “Learning” is also grammatically correct as the subject of the sentence.
Grammatical Rule Used:
· Gerund as Subject: When an action (verb + ing) is used as the subject of a sentence.
· Idiomatic Expression: “Learn by heart” = Memorize fully.
Example:
• Learning idioms by heart helps in English comprehension.
Why other options are incorrect:
• (a) “To learning” – incorrect because “to” should be followed by base form or a gerund but this structure is illogical.
• (c) “in heart” – incorrect idiom.
• (d) “Learn a poem by heart” – changes tense to imperative, which is not the intention of the sentence.
�� Grammar Booster:
"Learning" as a gerund acts like a noun. Gerunds can serve as subjects, objects, or complements.