Correct option is B
Pedology is the branch of soil science that studies
soil formation, origin, morphology, and classification. It focuses on understanding soils as
natural bodies, including their development over time. Hence, the science dealing with soil genesis and classification is called
pedology.
Information booster: Pedology deals with
soil horizons, soil profiles, and soil-forming processes under different environments. It helps in developing
soil classification systems that are useful for land use planning and management. Pedological studies consider
climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time as soil-forming factors. Knowledge of pedology is essential for
sustainable agriculture and soil conservation practices.
Why other options are incorrect: (a)
Petrology deals with the study of rocks, not soils. (c)
Padagogy relates to the science of teaching and education, not soil science. (d)
Petrography involves the description and classification of rocks.