Correct option is B
The correct sequence is SQPR.
Explanation of correct order:
S ("The name 'Madurai' evokes") introduces the subject and sets up the context.
Q ("in the minds of the Tamils") connects with the subject introduced in S, explaining where the name has an effect.
P ("the golden era when their language, culture and arts flourished") adds the emotional and historical reference evoked.
R ("under the patronage of successive Pandian kings") logically concludes the thought by giving historical reasoning.
This order maintains a logical flow from subject impact reason context.