NEP 2020 aims to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary schools by:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is 2025.

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Universal Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) Target
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 explicitly states that achieving universal foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) in primary school and beyond is the highest priority of the education system.
The original target year set forth in the NEP 2020 document for achieving this critical goal is 2025.
The policy states: "The highest priority of the education system will be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025."

NIPUN Bharat
To achieve this goal, the Ministry of Education launched the National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat) Mission. The mission sets a similar, yet slightly adjusted, operational goal for states: to ensure every child attains foundational literacy and numeracy by the end of Grade 3 by 2026-27. However, when answering based directly on the NEP 2020 policy document's original, overarching target, 2025 is the correct year.